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\data\alt\turcet
▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kuml/ujface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"a louse or tick full of bloodface="Times New Roman Star"вошь или клещ, напившийся крови
face="Times New Roman Star"qums?uj (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 629. An expressive variant may be represented in OT (MK) ko"mic?e 'gnat' (EDT 722).
face="Times New Roman Star"*yna-
face="Times New Roman Star"to trust, rely onface="Times New Roman Star"доверять, полагаться наface="Times New Roman Star"yna-n- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"yna-n- (MK)






face="Times New Roman Star"ynan-



face="Times New Roman Star"nen-













face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 654-656, VEWT 165 (cf. also *yn-gaj 'direction'). Turk. *yna-k > WMong. inag| (see TMN 2, 219, Щербак 1997, 163).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sarga-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 a plant which grows in damp places 1 a plant growing in saline groundsface="Times New Roman Star"1 растение, живущее во влажных местах 2 растение, живущее на солончакахface="Times New Roman Star"sarg|an 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"sarg|an, sarg|an qamys? 2 (MK)





face="Times New Roman Star"saraGan 'скумпия (кустарник)'




face="Times New Roman Star"? surъx s@lli 'овсяника овечья' (? Дмитриева 1988, 42; lit. 'sheep oats')













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 849, VEWT 403. Cf. also *siar/ 'reed' (in Oghuz languages, see under *siar/ 'marsh' - perhaps a contamination), as well as some forms dealt with under *sarymsak (v. sub *sera).
face="Times New Roman Star"*samala ?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"tarface="Times New Roman Star"деготь



face="Times New Roman Star"samla, samala (MA, AH, CCum.)








face="Times New Roman Star"sъw|mala













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 399. It is also worth noting Bashk. humalaq 'lump of clay' and Tat. sumala 'tar' (possibly < Chuv.). Федотов 2, 23-24. The word is attested quite late and is usually regarded as borrowed < Russ. смола. This might be true, but let us note that no other Russian words were hitherto discovered in Chagatai.
face="Times New Roman Star"*TVbVr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"secondface="Times New Roman Star"второйface="Times New Roman Star"Bulg. tvirem












face="Times New Roman Star"teb@r, teb@rew













face="Times New Roman Star"Chuv. -b- is secondary, on analogy with p@w|rem 'first'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jom-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 big number, quantity, all 2 to come together, assembleface="Times New Roman Star"1 большое число, количество, все 2 собирать(ся)face="Times New Roman Star"jomg|y (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jomg|y (MK) 1, jomyt- (MK) 2face="Times New Roman Star"jumus?- 2 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"jomut- 2 (Houts.)

face="Times New Roman Star"jumyt-, jumut- 2
















face="Times New Roman Star"jom-, jomul-, jumul- 2


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 935, ЭСТЯ 4, 219-220.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 pest, epidemic 2 mischief 3 archenemyface="Times New Roman Star"1 чума, эпидемия 2 несчастье 3 заклятый враг
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr (jag|y) 3face="Times New Roman Star"kyran 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qiran 2



face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr (dus?man) 3




face="Times New Roman Star"kyr (o"sto":x) 3












face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265, ЭСТЯ 6, 224. Cf. also PT *Kurul- 'to have cramps' (VEWT 304).
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"g-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to praise 2 to rejoiceface="Times New Roman Star"1 хвалить 2 радоватьсяface="Times New Roman Star"o"g- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.), o"gir- 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"g- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"o"g|-, o"v- 1





face="Times New Roman Star"o"w- 1




face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o":ru"- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o":r- 2





face="Times New Roman Star"o"v- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 100, 113, VEWT 369, ЭСТЯ 1, 494-495, Stachowski 251.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?u"gdeface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 the projecting bone behind the ear 2 back of head 3 back of axeface="Times New Roman Star"1 выступающая кость за ухом 2 затылок 3 обух топораface="Times New Roman Star"c?u"gte (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"gdei (MK) 1


face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) c?u"jda" 2


face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"wde 2, 3



face="Times New Roman Star"s/iv@t, s/u"t@ 'woman's plait' (Ашм.)




face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jde 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jde 2, cerebellumface="Times New Roman Star"s?o"jd|a" 'papilla of the first neck vertebra, back side of blade'


face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jde 2

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 414, Егоров 213, Федотов 2, 116 (both gloss the Chuv. word as obscure), Лексика 202.
face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)a:g-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to riseface="Times New Roman Star"подниматьсяface="Times New Roman Star"ag|- (Yen., OUygh.), ag|-tur- (сaus.) (Orkh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ag|- (MK, KB)

face="Times New Roman Star"ag|-



face="Times New Roman Star"a:g|- 'to overflow'











face="Times New Roman Star"awa-la- (of the sun)
face="Times New Roman Star"a:- 'to vaporize'



face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 77, ЭСТЯ 1, 68-70. ЭСТЯ is probably right in distinguishing the roots *(i)a:g- (а:g|- I) 'to rise' and *ia:g- (а:g| II) 'to turn over, fall', although the former is only sparsely represented in modern languages, having for the most part dissolved within the reflexes of the latter. In OT the stems ag|- 'to rise' and ag|na- 'to tumble, roll on one's back' are quite clearly distinct.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ebir-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to turnface="Times New Roman Star"поворачиватьface="Times New Roman Star"ebir- (Orkh.), evir- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"evu"r- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"evir-
face="Times New Roman Star"evir-, iber- (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"wu"r- (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"o"wu"r-face="Times New Roman Star"ibi>r-face="Times New Roman Star"ebir-face="Times New Roman Star"ebir-
face="Times New Roman Star"avъr-




face="Times New Roman Star"u"ji>r-
face="Times New Roman Star"a"wir-





face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 14, VEWT 34, ЭСТЯ 1, 498-500, Егоров 20.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"kelekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"gad-flyface="Times New Roman Star"овод







face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ja"la"kface="Times New Roman Star"bo"kelek




face="Times New Roman Star"bu"gu"lex, bu"gu"je












face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 2, 212-213, Лексика 185.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Al/uface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"red clay, ochreface="Times New Roman Star"красная глина
face="Times New Roman Star"as?u (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"as?y, dial. as?u, as?ur, Osmanli as?u
face="Times New Roman Star"as?y (AH 6)























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 30, EDT 256, Лексика 376.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ekerface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"hunting dogface="Times New Roman Star"охотничья собака


face="Times New Roman Star"ige|r (Sib.)face="Times New Roman Star"iger (Буд.)





face="Times New Roman Star"egerface="Times New Roman Star"egerface="Times New Roman Star"egerface="Times New Roman Star"agar jytti ( > Hung. aga/r, see Gombocz 1912)





face="Times New Roman Star"eger (Kum.)face="Times New Roman Star"ige|r 'a bastard of a wolf and a dog'





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 38, 23.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAs-kyc?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"stairwayface="Times New Roman Star"лестница




face="Times New Roman Star"basqyz?| (Chag.)



face="Times New Roman Star"pasxys





face="Times New Roman Star"basqys?










face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 2, 77 (usually derived < *bas- 'to press, trample').
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kol/a- (*Kul/a-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 подпоясывать 2 пояс, кушакface="Times New Roman Star"1 to girdle 2 girdle

face="Times New Roman Star"kus?a- 1, kus?ak 2face="Times New Roman Star"qus?aq 2 (arch.)face="Times New Roman Star"qus?aq 2 (Pav. C.)



face="Times New Roman Star"Gus?aq 2











face="Times New Roman Star"qus?aq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qus?aq 2



face="Times New Roman Star"The stem should be probably distinguished historically from *Kol/- 'to couple, bind', although contaminations were possible. Turk. > Russ. кушак (Дмитриев 1958, 28, Шипова 216).
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ar-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 snow dust 2 fogface="Times New Roman Star"1 пороша 2 туман
face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) c?as 2face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) c?ars 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?as 2 (dial.)







face="Times New Roman Star"dial. (Leb.) s?ars?a 1








face="Times New Roman Star"sar 'animal trace on snow'face="Times New Roman Star"c?ars 2



face="Times New Roman Star"c?ars 2face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 29, 35. The derivative *c?ar-s is somewhat peculiar morphologically and could be a loanword - from the (unattested) Mong. *c?ar-su(n) (?). {Oyr. c?arym was removed from this etymology, but probably unjustly: the Komi source c/are?m 'snow crust', as well as c/ars id. are much better explained as borrowed from Turkic than vice versa. The form is traced back to Ur. *s/arV in UEW 464, but the consonantism is quite irregular; other parallels proposed by Helimsky are Saam. c?arava - with irregular vocalism - and Selk. c?/o|:rpy, closely resembling Tofalar c?arpyn|. A complicated case, but explanation of the existing scattered Uralic forms from Turkic is at least not preferable to vice versa.}
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?y:gan/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 poor 2 mischief 3 impolite, roughface="Times New Roman Star"1 бедный 2 беда, несчастье 3 грубый, неучтивыйface="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|an/ (Orkh.), c?yg|aj (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|aj (MK), c?yg|an (MK - Argu) 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|aj, c?yg|an (dial.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|aj (R), c?yg|an (R, Pav. C.) 1




face="Times New Roman Star"sa:j 2face="Times New Roman Star"s?a:j 2












face="Times New Roman Star"c?yjyr 2 (with an unexplained -r)

face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|yn 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 107, EDT 408-409, Лексика 334. Chuv. c?uxan 'poor' may be of different origin (cf. an aberrant reflex of *g), cf. c?ux 'mediocre', c?uxъ 'poor' ( < *jok?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kac?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"slantingface="Times New Roman Star"косой

face="Times New Roman Star"kac?ykface="Times New Roman Star"qaz|aj- (Sib.)





face="Times New Roman Star"xaz?|y-, xasxax 'bent backward'face="Times New Roman Star"qazyr- 'to bend'

face="Times New Roman Star"xos/- 'to bend'

face="Times New Roman Star"xaz?yj-tyr










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217, Ашм. XVI, 242-246.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kej-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to go awayface="Times New Roman Star"уходить













face="Times New Roman Star"kaj-













face="Times New Roman Star"Attested only in Chuvash; PT antiquity is dubious.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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